Description

Size

Price_USD

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

Geneticin Disulfate
C₂₀H₄₀N₄O₁₀·2H₂SO₄
M.W.: 692.71
Potency: >650ug/mg
TLC: One major spot
Solubility: water 50mg/mL, as a stock solution. Stock solution should be store a5 4℃. Stable at 37℃ for 1 week.

Geneticine (G418) is used for the selection of stably transformed cells, which have incorporated neomycin resistance gene bearing the transposons Tn5 and Tn601, respectively. Since this antibiotic is toxic for many cells, one has to determine the optimal concentration for each cell type.

In general this concentration varies from 50 to 5000 ug/mL. At a concentration of 500 ug/ml, 70% of HepG2-cells are killed within one week of incubation and 100% stop growing. Geneticin is stable at 4℃.

G418 Solutions are stable for 3 months if kept at -20℃. Working concentrations are 50 ug-5000μg/mL. A concentration of ~400 ug/mL is needed for selection and ~200 ug/mL for maintenance in mammalian cells.

Note: All researchers should determine their optimum working concentration experimentally for each lot!

Store at 4℃

Toxic for reproduction

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₉
M.W.: 560.6
Assay: >95% 
Soluble in DMSO.

Geldanamycin is a benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic which binds to Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) and alters it function. Hsp90 is a highly conserved and very abundant protein in the cytosol of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Hsp90 plays a key role in regulating the physiology of cells exposed to environmental stress and in maintaining the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Geldanamycin binds with a high affinity into the ATP binding pocket in Hsp90 and induces the degradation of proteins that require this chaperone for conformational maturation.

Whitsell, L., P.D. Sutphin, A.D. Lewis, P. Workman., Geldanamycin-Induced Association of Multiple Molecular Chaperone Proteins with Mutant p53 is Altered by Geldanamycin, an hsp90-Binding Agent., 1998., 18(3):, 1517-1524., 2. Lawson, B., J.W. Brewer, L.M Hendershot.. 
Gelanamycin, an hsp90/GRP94-Binding Drug, Induces Increased Transcription of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Chaperones Via the ER Stress Pathway., Journal of Cellular Physiology., 1998., 174(2):, 170-178., 3. Joly, G.A., M. Ayres, R.G. Kilbourn.. 
Potent Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by Geldanamycin, A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Endothelial, Smoothe Muscle Cells, and in Rat Aorta., FEBS Letters., 1997., 403(1):, 40-44., 4. Schulte, T.W., M.V. Blagosklonny, L. Romanova, J.F. Mushinski, B.P. Monia, J.F. Johnston.. 
Destabilization of Raf-1 by Geldanamycin Leads to Disruption of the Raf-1-MEK-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Pathway., Molecular and Cellular Biology., 1996., 16(10):, 5839-5845..

Store at -20℃

Handling: Store in Tightly Sealed Vial. Protect from Light.

Selection Antibiotics, Cell Culture

Approx. 650U/mg

Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and was isolated from Micromonospora species (actinomycetales). The sulfate salt is soluble in water, formamide, ethylene glycol, 0.1N NaOH or 0.1N HCl at a concentration of >20mg/mL. It is insoluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene or chloroform.

In solutions Gentamycin is very stable at -20℃ to 37℃. Short autoclaving is possible. It may be employed in the pH range from 2.2 and 10 without loss of activity.

Stock Conc.: 10-50mg/mL in water, Store at -20℃

Store at 4℃

Toxic

For Electrophoresis/Storage Autoclaved

Glycerin
C₃H₈O₃
M.W.: 92.10
Assay: 99.9% Min.
Chloride: <2ppm
Pb: <5ppm
Residue on Ignition: <0.001%
DAB10
High Purity
Enzyme free, Aldehyde free, Heavy metals below 5 ppm. From vegetable oils. Autoclaved

Freezing and storage of bacteria: Depending on the technique, glycerol is used at a concentration ranging from 15-50 %. Store the stock at -70℃.

Freezing and storage of eukaryotic cells: Glycerol may be used instead of DMSO for the freezing of eukaryotic cells. It prevents the formation of ice crystalls and prevents damage of the cells. Glycerol is used at a concentration of 10%. It is highly toxic for the cells! Therefore, the 'freezing medium' should be cooled on ice.

Miller, H. (1987) Methods Enzymol. 152, 145-170
Preparation of phage- and plasmid-DNA for storage as pure culture.

Store at Room Temp.

For Electrophoresis/Transfer

C₂H₅NO₂
M.W.: 75.07
Assay: 99.23%
Chloride: 0.004%
Fe: 0.001%
NH₄: 0.01%
Pb: 0.001%
As: 0.0001%
Loss on drying: <0.12%
White Crystalline Powder

The most commonly used buffer in the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteins is based on the work of Laemmli. The electrode buffer (pH 8.3) consists of 0.1% SDS, 0.025M Tris and 0.192M Glycine.

Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Nature 227, 680-685
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of Bacteriophage T4.

Store at Room Temp.

For GST Epitope Tag

The approach of epitope tagging offers an easy and universal strategy for the identification and purification of proteins derived by recombinant DNA technology. The insertion of a GST tag creates a stable fusion product that does not interfere with the bioactivity of the protein or with the biodistribution of the GST-tagged product. This Ab reacts with free GST or GST fusion proteins in various immunochemical assays.

Species Reactivity: Proteins from all species which are tagged with GST.
Applications and Suggested Dilutions:
- Affinity Purification (For conjugation, order this Ab without BSA)
- Western Blotting (Ab 0.5-1ug/mL for 2hrs at Room Temp.)
The optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined by the investigator.

Store at 4℃

Protein Experiment, For Protein Purification

CH₅N₃·HCl
M.W.: 95.53
99.5% Min.
Loss on Drying: <0.5%
Ash: <0.1%
Ammonium Chloride: <0.5%
Heavy Metals (as Pb): <0.001%

Guanidine Hydrochloride denatures proteins and inhibits nucleases. Beta-Mercaptoethanol or DTT increase the denaturing activity of guanidine hydrochloride. Strongly hydrophobic proteins, like the membrane protein lipophilin, will not be denatured by guanidine hydrochloride.

Store at Room Temp.

Harmful, Irritant

RNA Experiment, For RNA Isolation

C₂H₆N₄S
M.W.: 118.16
99.0% Min.
Loss on Drying: <0.3%
Melting Range: 118-121℃
Heavy Metals (as Pb): <0.0005%
Solubility: Clear and Colorless
Exceptionally fine preparation

Chirgwin, J.M. et al. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5294-5299227
Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease.
MacDonald, R.J. et al. (1987) Methods Enzymol. 152, 219-227
Isolation of RNA using guanidinium salts.
Isolation of non-degraded RNA from RNase-rich tissues.

Store at Room Temp.

Harmful